Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients at the Hospital de Santa Bárbara Integrado, Honduras (September-December 2024)

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients at the Hospital de Santa Bárbara Integrado (HSBI), Honduras. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study included 181 positive bacterial cultures processed with the D2mini Microbial ID & AST system between September-December 2024. Demographic data, isolated microorganisms, susceptibility profiles, and resistance mechanisms were analyzed. Results: 95% (n=172) of isolates were resistant to >1 antibiotic. Escherichia coli (39.8%) was the most frequent pathogen. Gram-negative bacteria showed higher resistance than Gram-positive ones (94.1% vs 97.8%; p<0.001). The predominant mechanisms were extended-spectrum β-lactamases - ESBL (44.6%) and carbapenemases (19.6%). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of AMR in the HSBI, driven by ESBL-producing enterobacteria and carbapenemases; these mechanisms compromise therapeutic options for patients. We call for a more rational use of antibiotics and urgent measures to contain their spread.